Data-Driven Build Comparisons (Submit Yours)

While this is a way to approach item building I don't think the builds will help in a real game. your data does provide a power curve but does not factor in a natural game progression. You only noted 1 discrepancy that being the stacking item. Still, there are way too many factors you left out.

First, even though you mention it having a weird progression in the calculations, during the game depending on the game phase (or game mode) you stack your items at a different speed.

My biggest problem with your data generation is going to have to be your static 100 prot Odin bot. While a bruiser or tank the damage would be accurate for a squishy it won't. The reason for this is how the damage mitigation has diminishing returns (as in removing 15 prot from 100 prot provides less damage than 15 prot from 30). So pen items can potentially be influenced negatively or positively depending on the target.

Also if you ask me a lot of vulcans damage comes from his backoff meatball combo, which does proc item effects. compared to the turret.

If I was more awake etc. I could probably find more things that are super different between practical and theoretical things. but atm I don't really think the damage numbers are in any way shape or form accurate

Pretty cool idea for theory crafting and efficiency calculations. You could consider adding a separate field for total gold cost per build and maybe item timings based on average GPM for Conquest?

Just a thought, I'm not very experienced yet but that might be cool to have to better time your items.

This is good data, but there's a bunch of stuff that isn't being considered (Correct me if I'm wrong)
-Your lane opponent. How hard does he counter you? How hard do you counter him?
-Power curve. Some items take longer to come online than others. For example, crits vs. qin's sais.
You need to build 2 crit items or maybe stack Rage before it's fully reliable
-Team composition. How well can your team mates set up for you? Example: Ares into Vulcan ult.

Book of Thoth is built a bit late; generally you want it 1st or 2nd item so you can stack it ASAP to get the most benefit out of it. I can't really comment on whether or not it's still viable, but I do know it's an early game item.

I hope this is just meant to be for testing purposes because none of these builds are good in practice.